不同基因型小麦及其近缘属黑麦的RAPD分析

Characterization of genotypes of wheat and its relative rye by using RAPD markers

采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)对来自我国不同生态区的21个普通小麦(Triticum aestirumL)品种以及3个小麦近缘属栽培黑麦(Secale cereale)品种的遗传差异进行分析。结果表明,黑麦与普通小麦间的分子标记多态性(66.20%)明显高于普通小麦之间的多态性标记(43.90%)。冬春性不同的普通小麦品种间的多态性存在着较大的差异,冬性小麦品种间多态性(40.30%)明显高于春性小麦品种间RAPD多态性(14.66%)。黑麦与普通小麦间的平均遗传距离(0.5086)是普通小麦品种间平均遗传距离(0.1378)的4倍。聚类分析表明,利用RAPD标记可以将黑麦和普通小麦以及冬春性普通小麦明显划分开来;来自同一选育单位或同一生态区的小麦品种大多都聚在一起。一些引物能对有些品种进行特异性扩增。因此,利用RAPD标记可以进行小麦品种指纹分析,确定基因型之间遗传差异,进一步划分小麦杂种优势群。

This study was initially undertaken to evaluate the genetic diversity between wheat species and its relative rye as revealed by random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD）. Three common spring wheat cuhivars, eighteen winter wheat and three relative rye cuhivars introduced from different regions of China were used for RAPD analysis. The results were as follows：RAPD polymorphism was found to be much higher between common wheat and rye cuhivars （66.20%） than that in that common wheat cuhivars （43.90%）. Among common wheat cuhivars, RAPD polymorphism was much higher in winter wheat cultivars （40. 30% ） than that in spring wheat ones （ 14. 66% ）. The mean genetic distance was four times larger in rye and common wheat （0. 5086 ） than that in spring wheat and winter wheat cultivars （0. 1378 ）, Clustering analysis shows that the 24 genotypes were distinctly classified into two groups. Group 1 included all common wheat cultivars, Group 2 included all three rye cuhivars. It was noted that lines from the same breeding program tend to be grouped in the same subgroups. Some arbitrary primers could amplify certain cultivars specially. It is suggested that RAPD marker can be used to analysis DNA fingerprints of wheat, determine genetic diversity and identify heterotic groups of wheat.