背景与困境:刑事和解制度的理性考察

Background and Predicament: A Rational Inspection on Victim-offender-reconciliation

刑事和解是西方社会在恢复性司法理念下所孕育的一种刑事案件解决模式。其理念产生和植根于其所存在社会的个人本位刑法观、刑事契约观和复合正义刑罚观。刑事和解制度的出现,提出了一种全新的解决刑事案件的方案。但不容忽视的是在中国,刑事和解本身的个人本位刑法观与国家本位刑法观之间、去刑化思维与罪刑法定、罪责刑相适应原则之间以及复合正义刑罚观与公众的报应正义的刑罚观之间的对立、背离与对抗。而刑事和解在中国情境下将可能出现对人人平等的刑事法治理念的冲击,对加害人、被害人的合法利益的损害,形成不公正的司法制度从而毁灭刑法的公众认同的制度隐患。理性地对待刑事和解制度,应当是我们所应有的态度。

Victim-offender-reeonciliation,a kind of system dealing with criminal disputes, is born from the theory of restorative justice in western countries. The personal-based outlook in criminal law and criminal contract and restorative justice is the basis of this system. The victim-offender-reconciliation system is a new solution on how to settle criminal cases. However, as a matter of fact, there are conflicts between personal-based and state-based outlook, the idea of punishment-free system and the principle of a legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime and the principle of suiting punishment to crime. In China, if the system comes into force, it will impinge on the idea of ＂all people are equal before the law＂, damage the legal rights of the injured party and the inflictive party, form an inequitable judicial system and lose public identity. The right attitude is to think of it rationally.