浅论多学科训练模式

The Study of Multidisciplinary Training

多学科训练方法的理念是指应用与运动训练相关领域学科的专业知识来帮助运动员达到运动训练的目标。传统模式在运动训练实践中,对教练员发挥自身的作用存在局限性。本文通过对目前“过滤”模式和“基础支持”模式的分析,介绍了称之为“轨道”的全新模式。此模式就像行星(指运动员)围绕太阳(指运动训练目标)旋转,同时卫星(指各学科的专家)按照一定的轨道(指教练员)围绕行星旋转。此模式曾在巴西空军科学院和奥运优秀运动员训练中心应用十余年,取得了丰硕的成果。结论:虽然此模式还需进一步的研究,但此模式对高水平运动员取得显著的进步,可以起到实质性的作用。

The idea of a multidisciplinary approach to preparing athletes is to make specialist knowledge from a variety of fields and disciplines available to assist athletes as they seek to achieve their goals. However, when applied to athletics, traditional models for managing such a system have limitations related to the role of the coach. After describing existing management concepts, including the ＂Filter＂ and the ＂Basic Support＂ models, the author introduces a new approach, which they call the ＂Orbital＂ model. It is based on the trajectory of a planet （the athlete） orbiting around the sun （the athlete＇s goal） and surrounded by satellites （professionals） linked together by rings （coaches/trainers）. The author then describes the development of a team along the lines of their model, which has been carried out over a ten year period in conjunction with the Brazilian Air Force Institute of Science in Physical Activity and Centre of Olympic Excellence. They conclude that, while their model is still in the process of refinement, it is clear that a multidisciplinary approach is essential for producing significant results at the highest level of competition.