大豆胚芽油三种提取方法的比较研究

Comparison of three extraction methods of soybean germ oil

采用索氏提取法、超声波强化提取法和超临界CO2萃取法分别提取大豆胚芽油。在对提取工艺优化的基础上,将3种方法的萃取效率及所得胚芽油的理化性质、磷脂、不皂化物含量和脂肪酸组成进行分析比较,探讨萃取方法与油品的关系,全面评价萃取方法的优劣。研究结果表明:索氏提取法的出油率最高,但提取时间长;超声波强化法的出油率次之,提取时间最短,但溶剂用量大;超临界CO2萃取法出油率较低,但时间较短,流程简单无溶剂残留。超临界CO2萃取法所得胚芽油的磷脂含量低,不皂化物及不饱和脂肪酸含量高。综合考虑,超临界CO2萃取法是提取大豆胚芽油的最佳方法。

Soybean germ oil was extracted by Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction and supercritical CO2 extraction, respectively. The efficiency of the three methods was compared based on the optimized extraction parameters, and the physicochemical properties, phospholipid and unsaponifiable matter content and fatty acid composition of the oils extracted by the three methods, were analyzed and compared. The relationships of the extraction methods and oil quality were discussed and the advantages and disadvantages of the extraction methods were generally evaluated. The results showed that the oil yield was highest by Soxhlet extraction, secondary by ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and lowest by supercritical CO2 extraction;the extraction time was longest by Soxhlet extraction, secondary by supercritical CO2 extraction; and shortest by ultrasonic-assisted extraction;the solvent dosage for ultrasonic-assisted was most. By comprehensive consideration, supercritical CO2 extraction was the best method of extracting soybean germ oil.