焦虑与执行功能子成分关系的实验研究

An experimental study on relations between anxiety and three subcomponents of executive functions

基于认知任务测验法,对不同焦虑状态被试的抑制功能、注意转换功能及信息刷新功能进行测量,结果表明高焦虑个体在冲突条件下的Stroop命名反应时延长,错误率较高,在较难任务水平上,加-减法任务的注意转换操作时间延长,及活动记忆任务的分数下降;特质焦虑×状态焦虑×任务难度对执行功能的交互作用显著。因此,高焦虑状态对执行功能各子成分的影响作用表现为焦虑维度的选择性,即特质焦虑主要影响认知加工速度,状态焦虑主要影响信息加工的准确性,并且,一个焦虑维度的选择性受另一维度和任务难度的调节。

To explore the relations between anxiety and three subcomponents of executive functions （EF）, three kinds of cognitive tasks were employed to measure the subcomponents of EF of subjects with different anxiety levels. Four results were found. First, in the conflict conditions, the response time of individuals with high-anxious was longer in the Stroop task, and the error rate of them was higher than their counterparts. Second, in the conditions of difficult task, for individuals with high-anxious, the operation time of shifting was longer than that of individuals with low-anxious. Third, in the conditions of difficult task, for individuals with high-anxious, the score of running memory was poorer than that of individuals with low-anxious. Fourth, to three subcomponents of EF, there were significant interactive effects of trait anxiety × state anxiety × difficulty of task. Therefore individuals with high-anxious, the notable feature that the anxiety levels acted on subcomponents of EF was the selectivity of dimensions of anxiety. More specifically, the processing speed of EF was mainly influenced by trait anxiety, and the processing accuracy of EF by state anxiety. Meanwhile, either the selectivity of trait anxiety or state anxiety has two moderators, that is, another anxiety dimension and difficulty of task.