解析郭象之理想国

On Guo Xiang′s ideal society

为了考察玄学家郭象对理想社会的看法,采取了文献检索和文献解析的方法,结论为:郭象把社会形态分为三个类别:“亡圣亡知”、“有圣有知”和“亡圣有知”。在理论上,郭象认为“亡圣亡知”是最理想的社会,但是现实中的社会都是“有知”的,因而需要“圣知”来镇抚,“有圣有知”是现实中的理想社会,“亡圣有知”则是最混乱的社会。“亡知”时代中所要“亡”的“圣”是儒家型的圣人,而“有知”时代中所期待的“圣”则是一个儒道兼综的圣人形象。“亡圣”与“有圣”的双重理想,构成了郭象独特的沟通儒道两家思想的理想国。

Guo Xiang, a famous metaphysician in ancient China, shows his special ideal society in his works Annotation of Zhuang Zi. Guo Xiang ranks society in three patterns： non-sage and guileless people; sage and guileful people; non-sage and guileful people. Theoretically, Guo Xiang thinks that the pattern of non-sage and guileless people is the most ideal society. The pattern of Sage and guileful people is Guo Xiang＇ ideal society in reality. People are guileful in real society and need the reins of sage. The pattern of non-sage and guileful people is the worst society. Guo Xiang＇ s viewpoint of ideal society inferlimcs Confucianism with Daoism.