酶免法检测从业人员伤寒杆菌抗原及临床意义

Detection of Salmonella typhi antigen in workers with ELISA and its significance

目的:探讨伤寒杆菌抗原酶免法(ELISA)在伤寒早期诊断中的应用价值。方法:抽取检测对象静脉血,用酶免法检测血清中伤寒杆菌抗原,同时运用肛拭采便作增菌培养,参照GB16001-1995《伤寒、副伤寒诊断标准及处理原则》方法进行伤寒杆菌分离与生化鉴定。结果:酶免法检测从业人员5819人份血清,检出伤寒杆菌抗原阳性205份,检出率为3.5%;肛拭培养5819人份,检出11株伤寒杆菌,检出率为0.2%;ELISA法检出率显著高于肛拭培养(P<0.01)。结论:伤寒杆菌抗原酶免法特异性较差,阳性结果提示可能存在伤寒杆菌或伤寒抗原,但敏感性高,阴性结果可靠,可作为伤寒杆菌带菌者的监测方法,在早期发现带菌者上具有一定的临床意义。

Objective： To explore the value of enzyme - linked immunobsorbent assay （ELISA） of Salmonella typhi（ S. typhi） antigen for the early diagnosis of typhoid. Methods： Blood specimens from workers were examined by ELISA. Meanwhile, anal swabs from workers were cultured, and the Bacterial strains were isolated and biochemical markers identified according to the methods in GB/16001 - 1995. Results ：A total of 5 819 blood serum samples were detected by ELISA. Positive of S. typhi Antigen were 205,the positive rate was 3. 5%. 5819 anal swabs were cultured, the Positive of S. typhi were 11, the detecting rate of S. typhi - positive was 0. 2%. The detecting rate of ELISA was significantly higher than that of the culture （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusion：The specificity of S. typhi antigen - ELISA is lower, the positivity indicated that there is likely S. typhi or S. typhi antigen. But the sensitivity is higher, and the negative result is reliable. It can be regarded as a candidate for detecting carrier and discover carriers in the early stage.