地下水对气候变化的敏感性研究进展

Recent Advances in Research on Sensitivity of Groundwater to Climate Changes

地下水是人类生活、生产、生态用水的重要水源。地下水含水层的补给及其开发利用是水资源可持续开发利用与管理的重要组成部分。浅层地下水的补给主要受制于气候变异与变化。气候变化影响研究从地表水扩展至地下水不仅有利于正确地评估可利用的淡水资源,而且对于改进气候模型,更完整的描写水文循环有重要的科学意义。自21世纪以来,欧美等国开始研究不同时空尺度的地下水补给的定量估算方法,并在气候变化对水资源影响的研究中,考虑了气候变化与人类活动对地下水补给的影响。目前在我国,无论对地下水观测资料的诊断分析,或对地下水补给模型的研制都尚属空白或起步阶段。本文对当前国际上研究地下水补给以及地下水对气候变化敏感性的研究现状予以综述,目的是为了推动我国关于气候变化对水资源影响的深入研究。

Groundwater is one of the significant resources for living and utilization in agriculture, industry and ecological environment. The recharge and exploitation of groundwater aquifer is therefore an important component in the sustainable development and management of water resources. The recharge of shallow aquifer is subject to climate variances and changes. Research on impact of climate changes has extended from surface water to ground water. This not only benefits the proper evaluation of usable freshwater resources, but also helps the improvement of climate models and more comprehensive description of hydrological cycles. From this century, researchers in Europe and North America have started to work on quantitative evaluation methods for groundwater recharge in varied spatio-temporal dimensions. As for the impact of climate changes on water resources, they include the influence of human activities as well as climate changes on the recharge of groundwater. The situation in China, however, suffers from an inherent shortage at present. Either the diagnostic analysis of groundwater observation or the development of groundwater recharge models is in the initial stage, if there is any. This paper presented an introduction on recent advances of the research on groundwater recharge and the sensitivity of ground water to climate changes, with the aim to fill the gap and push the research in this field in China, especially in the impact of climate variances on water resources.