气候变化对中国东北地区生态与环境的影响

Climate Change and Its Impacts in Northeast China

【研究目的】综述了气候变化对东北地区的影响,以期在区域发展中能利用气候变化的有利方面,降低其不利的影响;【方法】根据近年来发表的相关论文,文章综述了东北地区已经发生的气候变化影响及未来可能受到的影响;【结果】结果表明,过去100年东北地区的温度升高明显且降水普遍减少,干旱化趋势严峻。温度的升高改善了东北的热量资源,部分农业生产从中受益。但由于气候变化,目前特殊的生态系统如湿地,冻土退化或消失。未来的气候变化,会改变农业生产布局,降低主要作物的产量,生态系统结构发生改变,农牧带沙漠化的风险增加;【结论】东北地区必须客观认识气候变化的利弊影响,采取相应的适应和应对措施,促进区域发展。

[OBJECTIVE]The temperature increases and precipitation decreases much during last century in Northeast China. In order to explore benefit and avoid negative impacts from climate change, the review was undertaken. [METHOD] Many literatures in recent years were used in the analysis, concluded the observed impacts and future predicted impacts by climate change. [RESULTS] The results indicate that with temperature increasing, current frost disaster decrease and growth period have been lengthened that will give more suitable growth period for crops. On the other hand, climate change drives some wetland degradation and disappeared, some frost soil has been melting or lost. Future climate change will alter agriculture planting system and decrease some crop production. Forest structure and tree variety will change and marginal place of grazing agriculture will expose to dangerous of desertification. [CONCLUSION] The disadvantage and advantage of climate change to Northeast China should be recognized objectively, and adaptive options for regional sustainable development should be taken.