试析20世纪50年代“大规模报复战略”衰落的原因

An Analysis on the Reasons of the Decline of American Massive Retaliation Strategy in the 1950's

“大规模报复战略”衰落是冷战过程中一个重要的历史现象。其衰落原因有四:首先,战略本身的缺陷以及由此带来的各种批评与内部分歧使其渐入困境;其次,苏联陆海空“三位一体”的战略核力量的形成使其失去了存在的物质技术基础;再次,以罗素和爱因斯坦倡导的反核反战运动在一定程度上推动了美国军事战略的转变;最后,盟友时该战略效能的疑虑与在历次危机中对美国用强的反对,使美国不得不改弦易辙。

The decline of the massive retaliation strategy is a significant historical phenomenon in the process of cold war. The declination of the strategy has four reasons. First of all, the drawbacks of the policy itself and the criticisms therefrom and the internal divergence get it into hot water. Second, the formation of Soviet Union＇ s trinity strategic nuclear power made it lose the material force and technological foundation. Third, the anti-nuclear and anti-war movement advocated by Russell and Einstein promoted the changes of American military strategy. Fourth, American allies＇ suspect of the effect of the strategy and their opposition of American＇ s using military power in all previous crisis forced the U. S. government to strike out on a new path.