污染花生籽实中镉的分布特征及其对膳食健康的风险分析

Cd-Contaminating Peanut Seeds:Distribution Characteristics of Cadmium and Risk Assessment on Dietary Health

通过对污染花生（Arachis hypogaea L．）籽实中镉（cd）的含量及其分布特征研究，初步探讨了它们对膳食健康的风险性。结果表明，在土壤cd含量不超标的情况下，供试花生籽实的重金属cd含量在0．21～0．748mg·kg^-1间，测定值全部超标，且达食品cd限量标准的1-4倍；花生籽实种皮的重量只占籽实的2．15％-2．94％，但由于其中cd浓度高达1．101-1．952mg·kg^-1，建议可以去皮食用花生籽实，以降低其对人体膳食健康的影响。花生籽实各营养成分中cd占总cd的比例顺序为蛋白质〉残渣〉脂肪；花生脂肪中cd含量随花生籽实中全cd含量的增加变化不显著，而蛋白质中cd含量随籽实全cd含量的增加而显著线性增加。供试花生籽实进入人体后的cd总摄入量TDI（total daily intake）占最大允许摄人量的比值，即％ADI值为114．1—221．3，其中脂肪的贡献率为0．027％，蛋白质的贡献率为99．973％。因而，将该cd污染花生籽实作为人体对蛋白质和脂肪的来源是存在一定的健康风险的。

The contents of cadmium and distribution characteristics in Cd-contaminating peanut seeds are studied, and their risk on dietary health is discussed in the present study. The results showed that although Cd contents in soil were lower than national standard limit, Cd concentrations in the tested peanut seeds harvested from the soil were in an arrange of 0.21-0. 748 mg · kg^-1 equivalent to 1-4 times of the official limit. Additionally, Cd in seeds capsule was higher than that in both albumen and leaf. However, Cd in capsule accounted for 5.59%-9.15% of total Cd contents, since mass of capsule is only 2.15%-5.94% of the total weight of peanut seeds. In view of this fact, the peanut seeds without capsule were recommended to be as people＇s dietary, which may reduce exposure of the metal for human being. The order of Cd contents in different nutritional components was found in an order： protein 〉 residue 〉 fat. Cd in protein increased with increase of total Cd contents, whereas Cd in fat does not show this trend obviously. If peanut seeds are used for people＇ s dietary, the ratio between total daily intake （TDI） and the allowable daily intake （ADD of total Cd, expressed as % ADI, was 114. 1-221.3, and the contribution rates of fat and protein are 0.027% and 99. 973%, respectively. Accordingly, there may be a relatively higher risk for dietary health, if the Cd - contaminated peanut seeds are used as public intake resources for protein and fat.