黄瓜病害控制中多菌灵和甲基硫菌灵的替代药剂评价

Evaluation of Substituted Pesticides for Carbendazim and Thiophanate-Methyl in Control of Cucumber Disease

广泛使用的杀菌剂多菌灵和甲基硫菌灵对人类和环境生物存在较高的安全风险。从防治效果看,温室内黄瓜叶片上喷雾施用异菌脲(0.562 kg.hm-2)、嘧霉胺(0.450 kg.hm-2)和啶菌恶唑(0.070 kg.hm-2)对黄瓜灰霉病(Botrytis cinerea)的控制效果均达到70%以上;喷雾施用氟硅唑(0.056 kg.hm-2)、嘧菌酯(0.141 kg.hm-2)、醚菌酯(0.141 kg.hm-2)和腈菌唑(0.028 kg.hm-2)对黄瓜白粉病(Sphaerotheca fuliginea)也有较好的控制效果。从危害水平看,除百菌清外,根据其他几种备选农药相关参数计算得到的危害水平值均低于多菌灵和甲基硫菌灵。防效试验和危害水平对比相结合说明,在推荐剂量范围内,异菌脲、嘧霉胺、啶菌恶唑3种药剂可以代替多菌灵,而氟硅唑、嘧菌酯、醚菌酯和腈菌唑4种药剂可以代替甲基硫菌灵,分别用于防治黄瓜灰霉病和黄瓜白粉病,从而降低由这两种药剂使用而造成的潜在危害。

Either carbondazim or thiophanate - methyl, is widely used to control crop diseases, but both have highly potential risks to people and environment. Therefore, it is of essence that utilization of substituted fungicides in controlling diseases for cucumber in greenhouse,In our study, we have found that iprodione （0.562 kg·hm^-2 ）, pyrimethanil （0. 450 kg·hm^-2 ） and SYP-Z048 （0.070 kg·hm^-2） can effectively control cucumber gray mold （Botrytis cinerea） at the dosages mentioned above with an efficacy of up to 70 percentages;while myclobutanil （0. 056 kg·hm^-2 ）, azoxystrobin （0. 141kg·hm^-2 ）, kresoximmethyl （0. 141 kg·hm^-2） and flusilazole （0. 028kg·hm^-2） also showed great inhibitory effects on cucumber powdery mildew （Sphaerothecafuliginea）, too. Moreover, the hazard value of several selected fungicides, which had been calibrated from pesticide physical and toxicological data, was greatly lower than that of both carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl. According to efficacy experiments and hazard value calculation, conclusion was drawn as that： in order to reduce potential hazards caused by application of carbendazim and thiophanatemethyl, in certain cases, iprodione , pyrimethanil and SYP- Z048, may be utilized in stead of carbendazim to control cucumber gray mold. In other cases, myclobutanil, azoxystrobin, kresoximmethyl and flusilazole may take place of thiophanate - methyl to control powdery mildew.