影响甲烷排放量的两种细菌——产甲烷细菌和甲烷氧化菌的研究进展

Emission of Methane from Environment Affected by Methanogens and Methanotrophs

产甲烷细菌能够利用环境中的甲酸、乙酸、氢和二氧化碳等小分子化合物生成甲烷,对提高沼气池的甲烷产量具有很高的经济价值。甲烷氧化菌以甲烷为其惟一的碳源和能源,在全球大气甲烷平衡中起着重要的作用。环境中的甲烷在厌氧生境中由产甲烷细菌形成后,经土壤和水层,逸散入大气,在途经土壤和水层时可被栖息于其间的甲烷氧化菌所氧化,土壤中甲烷氧化细菌的氧化作用,大约占大气甲烷消耗量的10%,而且甲烷氧化菌能降解卤化碳氢化合物,具有潜在的商业价值。分别对两种细菌的形态、分类、生理特征、代谢途径、研究方法及其潜在应用价值等进行了综述。

Methane is produced by methanogens that can utilize small molecule compound in environment, such as methanoic acid, acetic acid, hydrogen and CO2 etc al. as carbon resource. It has very high economic value in improving methane output in general pool. Methane is used as its only carbon source and energy by methanotrophs, therefore, it plays an important role in balancing atmospheric methane in the whole world. Methane in environment is oxidized by methanotrophs that reside in soil and water, when methane is produced anaerobically by methanogens, transpired into atmosphere from soil and water. Methane that is oxidized by methanotrophs, constitute nearly 10% of atmospheric methane consumption, and the bacteria are capable of degrading and halogenating hydrocarbon, with a great potential commercial value. The present paper outlines shapes, classifications, physiological characteristics, metabolism pathways, research techniques, and potential application values with the two kinds of bacteria.