环境规制的范式及其政治经济学分析

Paradigm of Environmental Regulation and Its Political Economy Analysis

自20世纪60年代公共选择学派提出政治行为人的“经济人”假定以来,经济学家们对于传统规制理论的市场纠正说不断提出质疑。一个新的规制理论,即利益集团理论逐渐兴起。该理论把政府看作为一个不完美的代理机构,并对不同利益集团的行为作出反应。在这种分析框架下,环境规制就是政府在污染者、环保主义者以及未组织起来的一般社会公众等各种利益群体的行为约束下对环境所有权的一个再分配过程。

Economists have advanced some questions on correcting market failure in the orthodox theory of regulation since Public Choice School advanced “Homo Economicus” hypothesis of political individuals in the 1960s. Now there arises a new theory of regulation——interest group theory. The theory considers a government as a faulty agency institution and responds to behaviors of different interest groups. Under the analytic frame, environmental regulation is a redistribution process to environmental ownership from governments under the behavioral restrictions of all kinds of interest groups such as polluters, environmentalists and other common residents.