反垄断法规范知识产权滥用的特点与局限——以欧美微软案为视角

The Characteristics and Limit of Regulating Abuse of Intellectual Property Rights under Antitrust Law

知识产权作为一种法定的知识财产专有权,同其他权利或财产一样,亦存在滥用的可能,应受到反垄断法的规范与调整。反垄断法意义上的知识产权是否构成滥用,需要根据反垄断法的一系列标准来判断,而不是根据一般法律原则或公平原则来进行,亦非根据知识产权法标准来判断。这种以市场结构为分析基础的特点决定了反垄断法规范知识产权滥用的局限。知识产权滥用的多样性,以及国家的不同社会政策,要求采取多种法律手段来对知识产权滥用进行规范。

The Intellectual Property Right (IPR) are possible to be monopolied in relevant!markets. IPR may, like other rights or property, be regulated by Antitrust law. The monopoly or exclusive right under IPR Law is different from that under Antitrust Law. What Antitrust Law regulates is not IPR itself but the abuse of IPR. Whether the exercise of IPR constitutes an abuse for purpose of Antitrust Law should be determined according to the criteria established under Antitrust Law. The elements of the criteria of abuse of IPR include market structure, dominant position (market power), abuse (anticompetitive conduct), and pro-competitive justification. But the criteria and methods reflected in Microsoft cases are unable to cover all abuses of IPR. IPR law shall also regulate the abuse of IPR with its own criteria or methods.