生态城市特征性指标的辨析及其应用

Eco-city characteristics index discrimination and its application

生态城市是依据生态学原理提出的一类社会、经济、自然协调发展的城市。基于生态城市内涵建立的城市特征性指标对城市特征性要素的量化和评价,是将生态城市个性这一主观观念变为可操作性目标的主要途径。基于城市复合生态系统理论和生态城市“健康、安全和发展”内涵,探讨了生态城市特征性指标的辨析方法。以厦门为例构建了厦门生态城市特征性指标体系。评价结果揭示了厦门城市特有的生态环境和资源的总体状态为亚健康状态(0.69)、比较脆弱的中警状态(0.39)和一般持续的发展状态(0.63),与现实的分析调研结果相符。这表明生态城市特征性指标有助于研究者辨识和评价城市生态系统的特定复合特征,更有针对性地明确城市生态规划和建设的重点行动领域,从而为城市实施可持续发展战略提供决策依据。

The present article is aimed at introducing the author＇s research on the urban characteristic indices （UCI） on the basis of complex ecosystem theory and her understanding of ＂health, security and development＂ connotation of an eco-city. In her research, the author has taken Xiamen city as an example for developing a set of eco-city characteristic indicators with three levels and 21 characteristic indexes as her desirable criteria for an eco-city. By eco-city, she means a social-economic-natural harmonic development system in accordance with the ecological principle. Based on such a connotation, the urban characteristic indices （UCI） can become the main approach to changing the subjective eco-city concepts in our minds into maneuverable targets. Based on the complex ecosystem theory, the characteristic constituents of such ideal city may include three parts ： （1）The features of natural subsystem which mainly consist of particular natural environment and resources; （ 2 ） The features of social subsystem, which are mainly embodied by its local culture; （3） The features of its economic subsystem, which are mainly reflected by its dominant industrial and business development. The first level, needless to say, is the objective level, which includes health, security and developmental state of the urban characteristic features. The second level is health, security and eco-state of its characteristic constituent parts of its urban subsystems. The assessment criteria of health, security and development are of course compartmentalized into five parts： Ⅰ （0 - 0.2）, Ⅱ （0.2-0.4）, Ⅲ （0.4-0.7）, Ⅳ（0.7-0.9） and Ⅴ （〉0.9）. The analytical hierarchical process can be used to calculate the weights of its indices. The results of her assessment done in close accordance with the above standards have shown that the characteristic features of Xiamen city is in a state of sub-healthy （0.69）, comparatively fragile （0.39） and on the whole sustainable developing eco-city （0.63）, which is consistent with the investigation results on the spot. The results also indicate that the researchers are allowed to distinguish between the proper complex features of an urban ecosystem, which may provide appropriate directions of implementing urban sustainable development strategies in which ways to put its stress to its further actions. Suggestions on Xiamen eco-city individuation construction can be thus proposed that： （1） enhance its protection to the wetlands; （2） dredge up sullage of the deep coastline and sea-route; （3） protect the South Fujian local culture; （4）develop its own urban preponderant industry with its local resources-oriented feature.