清代西辽河流域人口增长及其对环境的影响

POPULATION GROWTH AND ITS INFLUENCE ON ENVIRONMENT IN WEST LIAOHE BASIN IN QING DYNASTY

西辽河流域是国家实施西部大开发战略的重点地区之一,属于典型的生态敏感区和生态脆弱区,研究流域人口变化及其对环境的影响是寻求区域人地关系和谐发展的必由之路。本文考察了清代260余年间西辽河流域蒙古族和汉族人口的变化,并指出正是由于清政府不能从长远的观点制定合理的开发政策,使人口增长过快,增强了人口对资源的压力,造成了植被的破坏、野生动物的锐减和土地退化与水土流失的出现。因此,政府在制定开发政策时,要从长远的观点出发,处理好产业发展与保护环境的关系。

West Liaohe Basin lies in the eastern part of the semi-agriculture and semi-pastoral zone in north China, which is one of the key regions that Chinese Government is developing in the process of exploiting the West of China, and in which the climate is semi-add and semi-humid type of the north temperate zone, and the eco-environment is very sensitive. Study on population growth and influence on environment is the only way to explore the cause of land desertification and the fight pattern of land use. According to the changes of population, the author holds the point that errors of Qing Government＇s policies leads to the destroyment of vegetation, sharp reduction of wild animals, and erosion of soil. Establishing the development policies, our government must deal with the relationship between economy and environment form long-term interest.