汽轮机喷嘴固粒冲蚀模化试验系统及测试方法

Modeling Experimental System for Solid Particle Erosion on the Steam Turbine Nozzle Blades and Measuring Methods

基于相似模化理论，并结合数值模拟结果自行设计研制出超超临界、超临界、亚临界3种汽轮机调节级喷嘴蒸汽参数范围的高温高速气固两相流模化试验系统，为研究叶片材料抗固粒冲蚀特性和粒子运动行为规律提供必需的试验条件。为人工生成上述条件下的气固两相流，还研制出一种可调性宽、稳定性良好的固体颗粒加料系统，并对影响加料量脉动因素及其抑制方法进行了专题研究；利用PIV技术并经过多次尝试获得温度在650℃以下、粒子尺寸为2—150μm范围、颗粒群速度为150～500m／s的速度矢量场及其运动行为特征；借助快速响应的电子秤并结合取样、调节和控制等多路辅助子系统解决了颗粒加料量的静态和瞬态测量难题；为说明本模化试验系统的主要功能和关键参数的测试方法，文中还给出2个试验研究实例及其典型结果。

Based on the theory of similarity and modeling and the results of numerical simulation, the modeling experimental system for high-temperature and high-velocity gas-solid two-phase flow was designed and developed, which were available for the regulating stage nozzle of the sub-critical, supercritical and super-supercritical steam turbine. It provides necessary experimental conditions for the research of the blade material＇s anti-erosion performance and the solid particles moving characteristics in blades. A kind of solid particle feeder which has excellent adjustability and stability was developed in order to generate the man-made gas-solid two-phase flow, and the monographic study about the feeder＇s discharge pulse and problem-solving were done. PIV had been used successfully to measure the flow of the temperature under 6500C, particle diameter range form 21.tm to 1501.tm and velocity range from 150m/s to 500m/s, and obtain the particles＇ velocity fields and their moving characteristics. Quick-response electric balance and other supporting systems such as sampling, regulation and control system were used to solve the static and transient measure of particle flux. Two experimental research examples and their classical results are provided in this article in order to illustrate the main function and key parameters＇ measuring methods of above system.