156项工程与新中国工业城市发展(1949～1957年)

The 156 Projects and the Development of Industrial Cities in New China (1949-1957)

“一五”时期,以156项工程为契机,新中国开始了全面的社会主义工业化建设。这些大型经济建设项目的启动,不仅改变了中国城市发展的道路、方向,而且为中国城市的快速发展提供了强劲的动力,从而推动了中国城市进入以重工业优先发展战略为导向的新阶段。在这一发展模式的作用下,中国城市的发展呈现出城市职能的经济化、城市化发展的高速化、大中城市优先发展以及区域城市发展均衡化等新特点,这种城市发展的变化既彻底改变了旧中国城市的半殖民地半封建性质,又为后来中国城市的发展奠定了全新的基础。

In the First Five-year Plan period, with the 156 projects as the pivot New China started all-round socialist industrial construction. The launching of these large-scale economic projects not only changed the road and direction of urban development in China but also provided powerful motivation for the rapid development of Chinese cities, thus pushing the construction of Chinese cities into a new stage characterized by the strategy that gave priority to the development of heavy industries. Under the effect produced by this model, the development of Chinese cities displayed the characteristics that the city function turned economic, the urbanization developed at a high speed, priority was given to development of big and medium-sized cities and the cities in different regions had a balanced development. The changes brought about by the urban development changed thoroughly the semi-colonial and semi-feudal nature of the cities in Old China and, moreover, laid a completely new foundation for later development of Chinese cities.