血液透析患者PDCA循环式家庭护理干预研究

Study on PDCA cyclic family nursing intervention for patients treated with hemodialysis

目的:探讨血液透析患者自我保健、自我康复的有效护理模式。方法:将100例门诊维持性血液透析患者随机分为研究组(n=50)和观察组(n=50),研究组采用PDCA循环式家庭护理干预,观察组采用一般家庭护理干预,干预时间6个月。干预前后利用SCL-90症状自评量表、自制饮食量表和综合性营养评估表进行调查,并记录两组并发症及住院率。结果:研究组干预护理后SCL-90各因子得分均有改善,躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖等因子和总分与观察组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05);研究组干预后营养状况明显改善,干预前后比较差异有显著性(P<0.05);研究组干预后营养不良发生率明显低于观察组(P<0.05);研究组并发症及住院率明显低于观察组(P<0.05)。结论:应用PDCA循环理论对维持性血液透析患者实施家庭护理干预是一项必要的、安全有效的康复护理模式。

Abstract Objective： To explore the effective nursing modes of self - care and self - rehabilitation for patients treated with hemodialysis. Methods： One hundred patients treated with maintenance hemodialysis in OPD were randomly divided in- to studying group （ n = 50 ） and observation group （ n = 50 ）. PDCA cyclic family nursing intervention was carried out in the studying group and common family nursing intervention was applied in the observation group for 6 months. SCL - 90 self - evaluation form, self - made diet form and general nutrition evaluation form were used to make a survey before and after in- tervention, the complications and admission rate were recorded. Results ： The scores of factors in SCL - 90 were found im- proved in the studying group, and there were significant difference in the comparison of total scores in somatization, depres- sion, anxiety and phobia between the two groups （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The significant difference was also found in the comparison of nutriture between the two groups before and after intervention （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The incidence of malnutrition was lower in the studying group than that in the observation group （ P 〈 0. 05 ） , complications and admission rate were evidently lower in the studying group than that in the observation group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion： PDCA cyclic family nursing intervention is one of necessary, safe and effective rehabilitated nursing mode.