引黄灌区有关问题与实现水沙配置的效益分析

Analyses on some problems in irrigation districts and benefits of allocating diverted water and sediment along the Lower Yellow River

随着黄河下游地区经济社会的发展,大型引黄灌区水沙配置面临着经济、社会和环境3个方面的问题亟待解决。本文在总结引黄灌区几十年水沙分配措施经验的基础上,提出大型灌区水沙配置工程主要有渠首集中沉沙、远输集中沉沙和泥沙分散3种类型、6种形式。初步论述了水沙配置方案目标比较模型和技术可行性论证模型研究手段。提出水沙配置关键技术,主要为泥沙长距离输送技术、沉沙池动态调控技术和减少清淤和清淤占地技术。对灌区水沙合理配置若干环节的经济、环境和生态效益进行了初步分析。

With social and economical development along.the Lower Yellow River, three problems in terms of economy, environment and society in irrigation districts are getting more serious and need to be solved urgently. Based on practical experience in past decades, the authors point out that the projects of the allocation of water and sediment can be categorized as three types. They are settling works at canal heads, settling works along long distance transporting canals and sand dispersion works. The basic investigation ways include the model of target comparison of operation schemes and the model of technology-feasibility study. The key technologies of the allocation of diverted water and sediment in irrigation districts are mainly the technology of long-distance carrying sediment, the technology of dynamic control in settling basin and the technology of decreasing dredging volume and its occupation area. Analyses are made on the economical, environmental and social benefits for a reasonable allocation of water and sediment.