汽车内空气甲醛污染状况及其影响因素分析

In-car air pollution of formaldehyde and its affecting factors

为了解车内空气甲醛污染状况及其影响因素，随机测定200辆私家轿车车内空气甲醛浓度、温度和湿度，同时通过问卷调查获得车型、车龄、车内装饰物和关窗时间等基本情况。检测可知，车内空气甲醛几何均数为0．030mg／m^3，95％可信区间为0．027～O．033mg／m^3。参照《室内空气质量标准》（GB／T18883-2002）规定为0．100mg／m^3，超标率为1．5％。车内空气甲醛对数质量浓度（y）与车龄（X1）、车内温度（X2）、汽车档次（X3）、车内温度×关窗时间（X4）有关，回归方程为y=-2．0885—0．0966X1＋0．0199X2＋0．0495x3＋0．0022X4。表明车内甲醛污染主要存在于车龄不足半年、关窗时间超过3h以上的车辆，降低车内温度可有效控制车内甲醛污染。

Measurement of formaldehyde concentration and related survey were conducted for 200 randomly selected cars to assess the impacts of temperature, relative humidity, car model, year of manufacture, interior decoration, and duration of window closure. The average formaldehyde concentration of air in-car was 0. 030 mg/m^3 with a 950/oo confidence interval of 0. 027-0. 033 mg/m^3. About 1.5% of the tested cars had formaldehyde concentration exceeding the national standard of indoor air quality （0. 100 mg/m^3 ）. The formaldehyde concentration （in logarithm scale, y） was correlated to year of manufacture （X1）, in-car temperature （Xz）, grade of car（Xa ） ,and the product of in-car temperature and duration of closed windows （X4） by：y= -2. 088 5-0. 096 6X1＋0. 019 9X2＋0. 049 5X3 ＋ 0. 002 2X4. In-car air pollution of formaldehyde was most prevalent in new cars when windows were closed for more than 3 h. The formaldehyde emission may he effectively reduced by lowering the in-car temperature.