广西居民膳食和营养素摄入与高血压关系的研究

Study on Relationship Between Diet Nutrient and Hypertension in Guangxi Inhabitants

目的探讨影响广西城乡居民高血压患病的膳食和营养因素,为高血压的膳食防治提供有针对性的科学依据。方法采用多阶段多层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取南宁市、钦州市、贺州市、河池市,天等县、靖西县、巴马县、忻城县,每个调查市县分别抽取3个乡镇/街道、6个村/居委会的540户居民进行调查。共对15岁及以上城乡常住居民3 214人按“中国营养与健康调查”项目确定的统一方法进行膳食调查和血压测量,采用SPSS13.0软件包分别从膳食和营养素摄入水平进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果膳食因素显示,高血压人群油脂类食物摄入显著高于正常人群,而大米及其制品摄入明显低于正常人群,进入Logistic回归模型的膳食因素中,油脂类食物是高血压的危险因素(OR为1.225),而大米及其制品、杂粮、奶类及其制品有保护作用(OR分别为0.725、0.768和0.743)。营养因素分析显示,高血压人群能量、铁摄入显著高于正常人群,进入Logistic回归模型的营养因素中,能量、铁摄入是高血压的危险因素(OR分别为1.712和1.523),而钙、锌、铜和维生素B2等营养素是保护因素(OR分别为0.844、0.837、0797和0.839)。结论广西居民膳食和营养素中高血压的危险因素和保护因素同时存在;通过健康教育和健康促进,倡导合理膳食和均衡营养,减少油脂过量摄入和增加奶类及其制品等食物的摄入是防治高血压的有效措施。

Objective To explore the affecting factors and the prevalence of hypertension in diet nutritional elements in residents of urban and rural areas of Guangxi, and to provide scientific evidences for intervention countermeasures. Methods Using the multistage stratified randomized cluster sampling method, 4 cities including Nanning, Qinzhou, Hezhou, and Hechi and 4 counties including Tiandeng, Jingxi, Bama, and Xincheng were surveyed, each selected .540 households in 3 towns or streetes, and 6 villages or denizen committees in these regions. According to the unified method of ＂The Nation and Health Status of the Chinese People＂, dietary survey and blood pressure measurement were adopted in 3,214 urban and rural residents who were aged 1.5 years and over, the single and mutiple factors Logistic regression analysis of diet nutrition in different levels was performed by using SPSS13.0 software. Results The diet factors analysis showed that the hypertension cases had significantly higher oil and fat intake and lower rice and its products intake than normal blood pressure population. In Logistic regression model, the oil and fat was the risk factor（ OR was 1.22.5）, while rice and its products, other corns, milk and dairy products were the protective factors. （ OR were 0. 72.5, 0. 768, and 0. 743）. The nutrient factors analysis showed that the hypertension cases had significantly higher calories and iron intake. In Logistic regression model, calories and iron were the risk factors（OR were 1. 712 and 1.523）, while calcium, zinc,, copper, and vitamin B2 were the protective factors. （ OR were 0.844, 0. 837, 0. 797, and 0. 839）. Conclusion Risk and protective factors for hypertension in diet nutrient present simultaneously in the Guangxi population. Health education, health promotion, healthy diet, balanced nutrition, reduction of oil and fat intake, increase of milk and dairy products intake are good for provention and control of hypertension.