元谋干热河谷薪炭林造林技术及效益研究

STUDIES ON CULTIVATION TECHNIQUE AND BENEFIT OF FUELWOOD FOREST IN XEROTHERMIC VALLEY OF YUANMOU COUNTY

１９９１～１９９５年，在元谋开展了薪炭林试验研究。结果表明，该地区薪炭林适宜的技术措施是：（１）整地，以撩壕（深６０～８０ｃｍ，底宽６０ｃｍ）或大塘（深４０ｃｍ，底径３５～４０ｃｍ）为宜。（２）密度，按类每公顷５０００株，银合欢及相思类１００００株。（３）苗木，营养袋苗，营养土配方为细土：牛马粪：细砂：磷肥为６０：２５：１０：５。（４）造林季节，夏至到大暑节令之间。（５）定植方法，选择透雨天（回填土壤湿润深度３０ｃｍ以上）或雨后１～３ｄ内，用除去全部塑料膜的营养袋苗定植。（６）幼林庇荫措施，采用直播木豆的方法。根据上述措施营造薪炭林，三年生时采伐，４种桉树、３种相思类及银合欢每公顷生物量气干材均可达９．０ｔ以上，年均３．０ｔ。其产值按当地市价计算，每公顷约２６００元。扣除成本之后，纯收入２２００元，每个劳力分红值９．５元。

Xerothermic valley of Yuanmou County is one of the districts that areextremely deficient in energy resources in the countryside of Yunnan Province.For thepurpose of increasing energy resources and renewing forests,a trial of fuelwood forestwas conducted in 1991～1995.A result of the trial shows that cultivation technique forfuelwood forest consists of six measures,i.e,(1)soil preparation:ditch or pit(depth40 cm,diameter 50 cm);(2)density:Eucalyptus plants 5 000 ／ hm2,other plants10 000 ／ hm2(3)planting season:during the Summer Solstice to Great Heat;(4)plan-ted wich container seedlings;(5)method of planting:planted with container seedlingsthat were exptinged plastic coating to choose the date of saturating,or within 3 days af-ter rainning;(6)shield:spot sowing Cajanus cajan in spacing.According to the meas-ures,the biomass overground of fuelwood forest is all over 9.0t／hm2 from Eucalyptuscamaldulensis,E.camaldulensis var.that-landensis,E.citriordora,E.exserta,Leucaena leucocephala,Acacia suma after planting for 3 years.In the first rotation,gross output value is RMB 2 600 yuan ／ hm2 at the local market price.After deductingcosts,the income was more than 2200 yuan／hm2.The share of labour is 9.5yuans ／ man一day.Therefore,it suggests that the fuelwood forest is placed in a projectof ecological and economic construction,and is spread in other xerothermic valleys inYunnan Pfovince.