低脂饮食及体能锻炼对中年人血清总胆固醇的影响

Effect of a Low Fat Diet and Physical Exercise on Plasma Cholesterol Levels of Middle Aged Adults

[目的]研究低脂饮食与体能锻炼对于年龄介于40至55岁的中年男女的血清总胆固醇水平的影响。[方法]年龄介于40-55岁、血清总胆固醇处于高胆固醇边缘的26名男女志愿者为样本研究对象,其体重平均为(67．31±7．75)kg,身高平均为(159．98±5．2)cm。随机分为两组,A组采取低脂饮食,同时进行至少每隔1日30min快步行走的锻炼,持续3个月;B组只采取相同于A组的低脂饮食3个月,不进行任何运动锻炼。两项调查问卷各为社会背景与饮食习惯以及日常体能锻炼的情况。在实验前测定血液指标包括血清总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)以及三酰甘油(TG),实验开始后6周及3个月再次测定上述指标并进行统计分析。[结果]统计分析结果表明A、B两组对象在实验开始前的TC、HDL、LDL、TG值差异均无显著性(均P>0．05)。经过3个月的实验后,A组的TC、HDL、LDL分别为(5．19±0．62)、(1．21±0．52)、(2．58±0．52)mmol/L,较实验前的(6．93±0．33)、(1．85±0．59)、(3．10±0．73)mmol/L均有明显下降,P<0．01或<0．05;B组的TC、LDL分别为(5．88±0．69)、(2．84±0．45)mmol／L,较实验前(7．16±0．56)、(3．43±0．79)mmol／L也有较大下降,P<0．01和<0．05。A组TC值下降比B组更明显,P<0．05。[结论]低脂饮食可以作为中年人减低血清总胆固醇水平的良好膳食疗法,在低脂饮食的同时加强体能锻炼可以使血清胆固醇水平更进一步降低。

[Objective ] To study the effect of a low fat diet and physical exercise on plasma cholesterol levels in men and women aged 40-55 years old. [ Methods ] 26 male and female subjects with borderline high plasma cholesterol levels, age 40-55 years old with average weight of（ 67.31 ± 7.75 ）kg and average height of（ 159.98 ± 5.2 ）cm were randomly assigned into two groups. Group A had a low fat diet intake and undertook physical exercise based on American College of Sport and Medicine＇ s advice exercise guidelines, which consisted of a 30 minutes exercise （ brisk walk ） at least every other day for three months; Group B had a low fat diet intake with no exercise for three months. Two questionnaires were used to obtain social background information, dietary habits, and physical activities information. Plasma total cholesterol （ TC ）, high and low density lipoprotein （ HDL, LDL ） and plasma triglycerides（ TG ）were tested before the trial, at the 6th week of the trial, and at the end of the trial. All participants were given a dietary information and exercise guideline according to their group membership. [ Results ] There were no significant differences in all indices of plasma cholesterol between the two groups before the trial. Nearly all indices except TG showed significant decrease during and after the trial in both groups. For example, for the means of TC, it decreased from （ 6.93± 0.33 ）at the beginning to （ 5.84 ± 0.39 ） in the middle and to （ 5.19 ± 0.62 ）at the end of the trial respectively in Group A, and from （ 7.16 ± 0.56 ）to （ 6.41 ± 0.67 ）to（ 5.88 ± 0.69 ）respectively in Group B. However, the final decreases showed significant difference in TC between Group A （ 5.19 -1- 0.62 ）mmol/L and Group B（ 5.88± 0.69 ）mmol/L, P 〈 0.05. [ Conclusion ] A low fat diet can be a good dietary therapy for middle-aged adults in reducing plasma cholesterol. However a low fat diet in combination with physical exercise will be more successful in reducing plasma cholesterol.