宽容的条件分析

The Analysis of the Condition of Toleration

对宽容价值的普遍认可与在宽容的定义和范围上的深刻分歧相伴而行,这与人们对宽容的条件了解不明晰有关。差异是宽容存在的情境条件,而否定反应、能力和克制是宽容的定义条件。从行为主体是否对他者有否定反应,宽容与冷漠相区分;从行为主体是否有能力去干涉他者,宽容与默许相区分;从行为主体是否克制去干涉他者,宽容与不宽容相区分;从行为主体是否一种彻底的克制,宽容与宽恕相区分。通过宽容的条件分析,我们得出:宽容是行为主体在差异情境中对于敌对的他者有能力干涉却不干涉的一种克制,是一种介于不宽容与宽恕之间的德性。

The general recognition of the value of toleration is accompanied with deep divergence on its definition and extent, which is related to the unclear understanding of the condition of toleration. Difference is the context condition of toleration, while negation, power and restraint are three conditions of the definition of toleration. From whether the agent has negative response, toleration is different from indifference; from whether the agent has the power to intervene, toleration is different from acquiescence; from whether the agent chooses to restrain himself from intervening, toleration is different from intolerance, and from whether the agent＇s restraint is thorough, toleration is different from forgiveness. From the analysis of the condition of toleration, we can define that toleration is in the context of difference the agent＇s restraint from intervening other people and their acts or beliefs towards which he or she has negative response, although he or she has the power to do so and toleration is a kind of virtue between intolerance and forgiveness.