地方主义、联邦主义与新国家构建中的制度选择——考察1910年代中国政治的一个视角

Localism,Federalism,and Institutional Selection in the New National Structure——A Perspective of Examining Chinese Politics in the 1910s

民族国家形成和发展的历程中,地方主义和联邦主义形成了一种新型互动关系:地方主义的新发展,使民族国家构建有了新的制度形式;联邦主义的思想和制度,保障和规范地方主义在民族国家内的发展空间。1910年代的中国,新的民族国家构建及其制度选择是当时迫切的政治主题。而地方主义则是当时中国联邦主义思想和制度实践的社会基础和政治原动力。其结果形成新国家构建中制度选择的博弈、权变和路径依赖。

In the historical development course of national states, there exists the interactive relation between localism and federalism. The progress of localism leads to new structure of the national state, while the ideas and institution of federalism guarantees and regulates the room for localism within the national state. The 1910s found in China an urgent major political theme of institutional selection for the structure of a new national state. At that time, localism was the social foundation and political motive of the federalist ideas and systematic practice, which led to the consequent institutional selection, power transition and approach to the rise of a new national structure.