略论清代顺治朝科道官员

ON THE SUPERVISING OFFICIAL IN THE REIGN OF SHUZHI IN QING DYNASTY

清承明制,设立科道官员执行重要的监察职能。科道官在澄清吏治方面发挥了作用,甚至对最高统治者亦犯颜直谏,此外在国计民生、时弊等诸多方面有充分的发言权。科道官的设置,使封建官僚体系具备了一定的自我调节、自我完善能力,对政治大有裨益。但是,科道官群体的素质并非等齐划一,少数不忠、不法科道的分子存在也必将为其带来负面影响。

The Qing Dynasty inherited Ming Dynasty＇s System and established supervising officials to perform the important supervisory function. These officials played an important role in cleansing out political corruption and they even criticized the supreme rulers frankly. In addition, they had a full say in the national economy and the people＇s livelihood. The establishment of supervising officials enabled the feudal bureaucratic system to adjust and perfect itself and benefited the political system a lot. However, their quality is not uniform, and the existence of a small number of disloyal law - breakers among them inevitably brought some negative effects.