周扬与社会主义现实主义

Zhou Yang and His Views of Socialist Realism

社会主义现实主义是前苏联文艺界在批判“拉普派”的“唯物辩证法的创作方法”的过程中提出来的。在20世纪30年代初,周扬第一个向中国全面系统地介绍社会主义现实主义并进行了深刻的阐释。后来,他又根据毛泽东《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》精神进行阐释,使社会主义现实主义成为中国文学创作和批评的最高准则。50年代中后期,社会主义现实主义受到质疑,周扬根据毛泽东的一次讲话,用“两结合”的创作方法取代了社会主义现实主义,但是周扬在阐释“两结合”创作方法的过程中,甚至在新时期的文艺论述中,仍然谨慎地维护着社会主义现实主义的基本精神。

The socialist realism derived from the former Soviet Union＇s literary and art circles critizing the Rapp Faction＇s creation method of materialist dialectics. At the beginning of 1930＇s, Zhou Yang was the frist one who comprehensively and systematically introduced and profoundly explained socialist realism to China. Afterwards, according to the spirit of Mao Zedong＇s Talks at the Yenan Talks on Literature and Arts, he explained that made socialist realism becomes the highest criterion of Chinese literature creation and the criticism. The socialist realism was questioned in the late 1950＇s. Zhou Yang substituted socialist realism with two union creation methods according to talks of Mao Zedong. However, in the process of explaining it, even in background of the new times, he still cautiously maintained the basic spirit of socialist realism.