从20世纪70年代初期日本印度支那政策的转变看日本外交的特征——以日本—越南建交为例

The Transition of Japanese Policy toward Indochina in the Early 1970s:The Process of Normalization of Relations with North Vietnam

日本对印度支那的政策从签订旧金山和约一直到1960年代末都是追随美国，在当时冷战对立的国际环境下，只与非共产党国家有外交关系。对于战后一直处于对立的越南南北两政权，日本仅与先后受法国和美国支持的南越建立了官方关系。20世纪70年代初，由于美国政策的改变，使得亚太地区的国际形势出现重大变化。1969年尼克松关岛讲话的发表，表明了美国脱离越战泥沼的决心。1972年尼克松访华标志着原本处于对立两阵营的美中之间的关系缓和。这使得印支问题的解决出现转机，也给作为美国同盟国的日本的印支外交乃至东南亚外交带来了前所未有的机会。

There were obvious changes of the international and regional surroundings in the region of Indochina in the early 1970＇s. Corresponding to them, Japan＇s foreign policy also showed some change, which, highlighted the normalization of relations with the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. This paper tries to find out the linkages between the emergence of the new international environment and the changes of Japan＇s foreign policy through the analysis of the background and the process of the normalization mainly on both the declassified documents of the Foreign Ministry of Japan and the memoirs of some Japanese who got heavily involved in the process.