装饰材料挥发物对装修工人身体健康状况的影响

Effect of Decorating Material Volatile on the Health of the Workers

目的研究室内装修过程中装饰材料释放出的有害物质对装修工人身体状况的影响。方法在城区选择57名从事半年以上的装修工人为暴露组和62名在未装修的室内从事安装、刷墙、铺地工作的工人为对照组。随机选择36家近半年内装修工人已装修过的居室,同时选择28家未曾装修过的居室为对照,检测室内空气中的甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、总挥发性有机物(TVOC)。分析两组工人血清谷胱甘肽硫转移梅(GST)的活力,对两组工人外周血淋巴细胞微核发生情况以及局部非特异免疫功能唾液溶菌酶和分泌型免疫球蛋白A(S-IGA)进行检测。结果装修过的居室空气中有害物质超标严重的为甲醛和苯,超标率分别是100%和81.25%,所有检测指标与对照组相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。在有害物质的影响下,装修工人较对照组GST活力增高(P<0.01);暴露组和对照组工人外周血淋巴细胞微核发生率分别为0.49‰和0.37‰(P>0.05);室内空气污染程度增加,装修工人唾液中溶菌酶的含量下降,S-IGA升高。结论通过检测体内的GST活力、唾液中的溶菌酶及S-IGA,可预测装修工人的身体状况,及早采取措施,以保证工人的身体健康。

[ Objective] To study the effect of decorating material volatile on the health of the workers. [ Methods] 57 decorating workers with a working period of above half a year and 62 workers who worked in the non - decorated rooms were taken as the exposure group and the control group respectively. 36 decorated houses within recent half a year and 28 non - decorated houses were detected for the contents of formaldehyde, benzene, methylbenzene, dimethylbenzene, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and total volatile organic compounds （TVOC）. Analysis was made on the vitality of serum glutathione S - transferase （GST） of the workers; the frequencies of micronucleus of peripheral blood lymphocytes, the saliva lysozyme of the local non - specific immune function and secretory immunoglobulin A （ S - IGA） were detected. [ Results ] The content of formaldehyde and benzene in the decorated houses exceeded the standard seriously with the exceeding rates of 100% and 81.25% respectively. All the parameters were found with great difference between the two groups （ P 〈 0. 001 ） ; Workers in the exposure group were found with higher GST vitality （ P 〈 0. 001 ） ; the frequencies of micronucleus of peripheral blood lymphocytes in the exposure group and the control group were 0.49qw and 0.37%0 respectively （P 〉 0. 05） ; the content of saliva lysozyme decreased and the S - IGA increased with the increase of indoor air pollution. [ Conclusion] By detecting GST vitality, saliva lysozyme and S - IGA, the physical status of the decorating workers can be predicted so that effective measures can be taken promptly to guarantee the workers＇health.