两周金文中连词“则”的用法研究

The Use of the Conjunction of“则”in Bronze inscription of Zhou Dynasties

“则”是古汉语中一个常用的虚词,然关于其词性、始见时间、具体用法等都还存在着下同程度的分歧。过去或认为连词“则”甲骨文中已见,但今天多数人已不同意这一看法。作为连词“则”应始见于两周金文中,其在两周金文中的用法代表了它早期的应用情况,对汉语史研究具有参考价值。两周金文中的虚词“则”均当视为承接连词,具体则有出现干具有顺承语义关系的语句中帮助表示时间上的承接、出现于假设复句中帮助表示事理上的承接、出现于具有对比关系的复句中帮助表示对待关系三种不同用法。

＂则＂is a common form word in the ancient Chinese grammar, but there were gaps in the acknowledgements about the functions, first appearance and detailed uses. This thesis would give approval to the opinions of most people that the conjunction ＂则＂ was not found in the Jia Gu Wen but in the Jin Wen of Zhou Dynasty. Its use in the Jin Wen of Zhou Dynasty represented the condition of its early applies that was of great importance in the study of history of Chinese. The form word ＂则＂ in the Jin Wen of Zhou Dynasty should be regarded as continuing conjunction word. In the concrete level, it had the connecting reflecting the time in the continuing sentences, the connecting reflecting the theory in the supposing sentences and the connecting reflecting the opposition in the opposing sentences.