清代帝陵的哑巴院和月牙城

The Yaba Yuan and Yue'er Cheng at the Qing Imperial Mausoleums

本文论述清代帝陵中的哑巴院和月牙城的建置与功用,进而探讨其规制的起源问题。指出关外的福陵与昭陵系参照北京明代后期的帝陵及清孝陵兴建,而南京明孝陵的规制已见哑巴院的雏形,其发展演变脉络清晰,故而哑巴院和月牙城并非明清两代帝陵规制最显著的差别。

The author discusses the construction and function of the Yaba Yuan and Yue'er Cheng built at the Qing Imperial Mausoleums,and examines the origins of the convention of building such structures.He points out that,while the Fuling and Zhaoling mausoleums in the Manchurian homelands are usually related to the imperial mausoleums built in Beijing in the late-Ming period and to the Qing Dynasty Xiaoling mausoleum,the Xiaoling mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty in the Nanjing region has a prototypical Yaba Yuan structure.By closely following its line of development,the author reveals that the existence of a Yaba Yuan and Yue'er Cheng does not in fact denote the most obvious distinct differences between the mausoleums of the Ming and Qing.