从系统功能语法看演讲语篇中意识形态的体现——批评话语分析的一个实例研究

A Study of Ideology in Speech from the Perspective of Systemic-Functional Grammar——A case study of CDA

批评话语分析在语言学理论和实践上吸收了M.A.K Halliday的系统功能语法的思想,认为语言是一种社会实践,语言与社会结构是密不可分的.意识形态作为社会上层建筑,是社会结构中的一个重要方面.在政治演说中,演说者的目的不在于向听众提供信息,而在于劝诱,在于对意识形态的控制,而意识形态一般隐含在不同的语言手段中.林肯的《葛底斯堡演说》中,意识形态体现在不同的语言层面.演说者通过语言结构的选择来反映其意识形态.

Critical Discourse Analysis （CDA）, theoretically and practically based on Systemic-Functional Grammar （SFG） proposed by M. A. K. Halliday, regards language as a kind of social practice and an inseparable part of social construction among which ideology serves as an indispensable part. In most political speech, the politicians purpose is not to provide information for the audience but persuade - to subject the common public to certain ideologies which are usually coded implicitly behind the overt propositions. In Abraham Lincoln＇s Address at Gettysburg, on different language scales underlies many ideologies supposed to impose on the audience. This paper attempts to explore them from different language structures by adopting some theories in SFG.