市场经济现代转型中的法治与责任政府

The Rule of Law and Responsible Government in the Transformation towards Modern Market Economy

政府在我国市场经济的建立和转型中发挥着重要的作用。然而诺斯“国家悖论”所揭示的两难困境告诫我们在充分利用政府作用的同时,必须对行政权力的不当干预和政府失责的负面影响加以防范。我国已建立了初级市场经济并正在向现代市场经济转型,现代市场经济的基础是法治,现代市场经济转型的关键在于法治的确立。而法治下的政府应该是一个责任政府,我国要顺利实现市场经济的现代转型,建立良好的市场秩序和有效保护产权,就要建立责任政府。法治是责任政府不可或缺的制度保障,责任政府是法治理念在公共行政领域的体现。责任政府作为现代市场经济体系的重要组成部分,是一切向现代市场经济转型国家必须确立的政治基础。责任政府需要一系列制度构架确保政府对人民责任关系的确立。责任政府制度构架的基本方面包括:政府责任规范体制、政府责任履行的评价制度和政府责任的问责制度。

The government plays an important role in the establishment and transformation of market economy in China. The North Paradox, i.e. the dilemma of state, suggests that we should beware of the negative impacts due to the improper administrative interventions and the lack of governmental accountability, while making full use of governmental functions. In China, the primary market economy has been established and is in the transformation towards the modern market economy. As the rule of law is its foundation, the successful transformation depends on whether the rule of law can prevail in the society. According to the rule of law, the government should be accountable. The responsible government is of great importance to foster market order and protect the property rights effectively. The rule of law is the indispensable institutional footstone for the responsible government. And the latter is the embodiment of the former in public administration. The responsible government which is a significant integrant of modern market economy is the political foundation for all states transforming towards modern market economy. The construction of responsible government depends on a complete set of institutions to ensure the government accountable to the people. The norms of governmental accountability, the appraisal mechanism of accountability performance, and accountability mechanism are the basic institutions.