《红楼梦》中贾雨村艺术形象问题综论

Comprehensive Comments on the Artistic Image of Jia Yucun in A Dream of Red Mansions

众多研究者对贾雨村的艺术形象缺乏全面系统的认识。《红楼梦》所反映的主要是清朝乾隆时期的上流社会生活,贾雨村处在相对稳定的康乾盛世时期,其时经世致用思想得到大力提倡,私欲的合理性得到肯定,“人欲之各得”的社会价值取向得到承认。贾雨村不可能脱离这个时代的社会价值取向而独立存在,因此,应将他还原至当时的社会背景及其主流价值观念中分析其艺术形象。贾雨村对人生报有积极态度并通过主流价值观念认可的努力方式博取功名,才干优长且思想卓尔超群,隐忍宦海并富有谋略。之所以众多研究者没有看到贾雨村形象的积极性,主要是因为研究者与艺术形象本身所处社会本质的不同和研究者未能摆脱悲剧情节对自己的情感惯性影响。

Jia Yucun penetrates throughout the plot of A Dream of Red Mansions. What A Dream of Red Mansions mainly reflects is about the life of high society and Jia Yucun lived in the flourishing age Kang-Qian in which the thought of governing and practicing was greatly promoted, the rationality of selfish desire was of firmed, and the social ideology of ＂man gets what he wants＂ was confirmed. Jia Yucun could not separate himself from the social orientation of value of this time, so we should analyses his artistic image by restoring him into the background and mainstream values of the age. Jia Yueun had vigorous attitude to life and struggled for officialdom through the way that had been approved by mainstream values. He was a man of great talents and preeminent thought. Many researchers have not found the initiative of the image of Jia Yucun because they live in a society of different essence and cannot extricate themselves from inertial emotion effect of tragic plot.