《现汉》异形字字量统计及其规范用字思考

The Thoughts on the Stat and the Standard Usage of Special-shaped Words in Modern Chinese

依据《现代汉语通用字表》,在考察汉字多体并存的现实情形下,对《现代汉语词典》异形字进行了有限范围的统计,并进行描写、分析和归纳:对《现汉》收录的异形字(包括加括号附列在正体之后的繁体字)进行穷尽式统计,共3499个异形字,其中形声类2168个,其他类1331个。并从显性角度考察了异形字定形的经济原则和深层角度来看异形字规范的语用原则(通用性原则、理据性原则、系统性原则、书写方便原则、形义相符原则等)。

According to the Dictionary of the Commonly Used Words in Modern Chinese, a close inspection, stat, description, analysis and induction of the special-shaped words are made on the real situation of multi-typed existence of Chinese words. There is a limit stat about the special-shaped words in the dictionary （including the traditional Chinese characters in brackets after the standard form of Chinese characters）, there are 3,499 special-shaped words, 2,168 acrophonetic words, and 1,331 words of the rest type. It is also inspected from the dominant angle of the shaping of special-shaped words with economic principle and deep level to see the regular pragmatic principle （commonly-used principle, the reasonable principle, systematic principle, easy-writing principle, the conformity between shape and meaning principle, etc. ）