乳癌病人单次卡铂和阿霉素化疗诱发的染色体损伤和细胞生物学毒性

Chromosome damage and cytobiologic toxicity induced by carboplatin and adriamycin in treatment of breast cancer

应用常规染色体畸变分析和胞浆分裂阻滞微核（ｃｙｔｏｋｉｎｅｓｉｓｂｌｏｃｋｍｉｃｒｏｎｕｃｌｅｉ，ＣＢＭＮ）法对１０例接受单次卡铂（平均剂量为４６２．９ｍｇ／ｍ２）和单次阿霉素（平均剂量为４８．１ｍｇ／ｍ２）化疗的乳癌病人血样进行了淋巴细胞染色体畸变（ｃｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｍｅａｂｅｒａｔｉｏｎ，ＣＡ）和微核（ｍｉｃｒｏｎｕｃｌｅｉ，ＭＮ）的观察分析，并通过有丝分裂指数（ｍｉｔｏｔｉｃｉｎｄｅｘ，ＭＩ）及核分裂指数（ｎｕｃｌｅａｒｄｉｖｉｓｉｏｎｉｎｄｅｘ，ＮＤＩ）观测了细胞毒性。结果表明，单次卡铂和阿霉素化疗均引起了ＣＡ和ＭＮ显著性增加，所观察到的ＣＡ主要为单体畸变，其中单体间隙（ｃｈｒｏｍａｔｉｄｇａｐ，ｃｔｇ）的增加最为显著，染色体型畸变未见显著性变化；卡铂引起ＭＩ明显减低，阿霉素对ＭＩ的影响不显著；两种化疗药物均未对ＮＤＩ产生显著性影响；通过ＭＩ及ＮＤＩ测量的细胞毒性之间显著性相关，但ＣＡ分析和ＣＢＭＮ法测得的染色体损伤之间缺乏相关性。

Blood samples of ten breast cancer patients, who received chemotherapy with single dose of carboplatin (462.9 mg/m 2) and adriamycin (48.1 mg/m 2), were analyzed by chromosome aberration (CA) analysis, cytokinesis block micronuclei (CBMN) method, mitotic index (MI) and nuclear division index (NDI) determination. The results showed that the numbers of CA and micronuclei in them significantly increased. Chromatid aberrations turning into main chromosome aberration type and frequency of chromatid gap (ctg) were significantly increased as compared with those before chemotherapy. However, frequency of chromosome type aberration was not significantly enhanced. Decreased MI was found in patients who received carboplatin treatment and no significant effect on MI was shown in adriamycin treated patients. Effects of both chemotherapeutic drugs on NDI were undetectable. There was a significant correlation between MI and NDI. No correlation was found between the data of CA and CBMN.