钛种植体粗化处理的微形貌观测和表面污染分析

Observation of Topography and Analysis of Surface Contamination of Titanium Implant after Roughness Treatment

牙种植体表面粗化可改善骨结合从而提高种植成功率,但不同粗化处理技术的差异有待考察。本研究通过扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)及接触角测定,比较了抛光处理(PT)和喷铝砂(SA)、喷氧化铝砂-酸蚀(SAA)、喷钛砂-酸蚀(STA)、电腐蚀(ET)四种不同的表面粗化处理钛种植体表面的形貌特征、表面异种元素的污染情况和材料表面能。结果显示,SEM观察各种粗化处理后材料均呈现凹凸不平表面,但不同处理方法所形成的形貌仍有较大差异,SA样品表面为不规则的角棱状突起和坑凹,酸蚀后表面相对圆缓,STA样品表面则为规则蜂窝状结构,而ET样品表面形成了大小不一孔洞,孔洞相互贯通,大的孔洞中有小的次级孔洞。EDS成分分析证实,采用异质材料粗化处理的种植体表面存在元素污染问题,甚至再采用酸蚀处理后其表面仍有异质材料嵌入。接触角测定表明材料表面浸润性与其表面粗化形貌有关。该研究结果提示:不同粗化技术使种植体表面形貌和表面化学成分的改变有所不同,从而可能影响其生物学性能,相比较而言,电腐蚀粗化处理种植体可以提供更有利的微观结构,并且未造成材料表面污染,但各种粗化处理方法对种植材料在体内外所产生的生物学影响仍尚需进一步研究。

The roughness treatment of dental implant surface could improve the bone bonding and increase the success rate of implant, but the difference of diverse treatments is still unknown. In this study using scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, energy disperse spectrometer （EDS） and the test of contact angle, we studied the microstructure, surface contamination and surface energy, and hence conducted a comparative analysis of the following surface roughness treatments：Polished Treatment（PT）, Sandblasting with Alumina（SA）, Sandblasting with Aluminia and Acid-etched （SAA）, Sandblasting with Titanium Acid-etched （STA）, Electro-erosion Treatment（ET）. The result of SEM showed that the surface displayed irregularities after roughness treatments and that the surface properties of different roughness treatments had some distinctions. SAA and SA had some sharp edges and protrutions ; the STA showed a regular pattern like honeycomb, but the ET sample treated by electric erosion exhibited the deeper pores of different sizes and the pores with a perforated secondary structure. The EDS indicated that the surface was contaminated after the treatment with foreign materials; the SA surface had some embedded contaminations even after acid etching. The measurement of water contact angle indicated that the morphology correlated with the surface treatments. These findings suggest that the distinction of surface structure and composition caused by different treatments may result in the disparity in biological behavior of dental implant.