大鼠副神经及其分支与膈神经主干毗邻关系的显微解剖学研究

Research on Microanatomy of Relationship Between Accessory Nerve,Its Branches and the Main of Phrenic Nerve in Rat

目的:了解大鼠副神经及其分支与膈神经主干相邻关系,为副神经移位膈神经重建高位颈髓损伤大鼠呼吸功能提供显微解剖学依据。方法:在16倍手术显微镜下解剖40只健康雄性SD大鼠双侧副神经及其分支。用精确度为0.001mm游标卡尺测量副神经各段的直径、长度以及与膈神经主干起始端的距离。结果:副神经出颈静脉孔后(4.191±0.135)mm即分出胸锁乳突肌支,该支长(5.657±0.283)mm,直径(0.221±0.039)mm,与膈神经主干起始端的距离为(10.041±3.181)mm;副神经锁骨上段两斜方肌支之间主干直径为(0.274±0.032)mm,与膈神经主干起始端的距离为(5.154±0.782)mm;副神经锁骨下水平发出内、外侧支之前的直径为(0.216±0.027)mm,与膈神经主干起始端的距离为(-1.416±0.216)mm。另外测量大鼠膈神经主干起始段直径为(0.208±0.016)mm。结论:副神经锁骨下水平发出内、外侧支之前的直径与膈神经主干起始端直径较接近,且可直接缝接膈神经重建高位颈髓损伤大鼠的呼吸功能。

Objective： To explore the relationship between accessory nerve and its branch and the main of phrenic nerve,in order to find the availability of respiratory function reconstruction by tmo.sposition of accessory nerve to phrenic nerve in the rats with upper cervical cord injuries. Metiodss： The bilateral accessory nerves,phrenic nerve, and their branches of 40 male rats were dissected under operating microscopy with 16- times- magnification The diameter, length of accessory nerve and its branches, the distance between accessory nerve and the main trunk of phrenic nerve were measured by a sliding caliper with precision of 0.001 millimeter. Results： The accessory nerve coursed out of the jugular foramen and when it was 4. 191 ± 0. 135 mm distant from the jugular foramen, the muscular branch of stemocleidomastoid muscle, which was 5.657 ± 0.283 mm in length and 0. 221 ± 0. 039 mm in diameter. The distance between the former and the main trunk of the phrenic nerve was 10.041 ± 3. 181 mm. The supraclavicular section of the accessory nerve, the main trunk between its two muscular branches of the tmpezius, was 0.274 ± 0.032 mm in di- ameter and 5.154 ± 0.782 mm distant from the initiation part of the main mink of the phrenic nerve. The infraclavicular section of the accessory nerve, upside the embranchment of the medially horizontal branch and the lateral branch was 0.216 ± 0.027 mm in diameter and - 1.416 ± 0.216 mm distant from the initiation part of the main trunk of the phrenic nerve. The initiation part of the main mink of the phrenic nerve in the rats was 0.207 ± 0.051 mm in diameter. Conclusions： The diameter in infraclavicular section of the accessory nerve, upside of the embranchment of medially horizontal branch and the lateral branch, are similar to those of the phrenic nerve and the two could be sutured directly.