外照射辐射防护中的量

RADIATION PROTECTION QUANTITIES FOR EXTERNAL EXPOSURE

在外照射辐射防护中,国际辐射单位和测量委员会(ICRU)提出的四个新的辐射量对解决实用量的问题是一个重要进展。本文综述了四个量应用研究进展概况,并着重讨论了实用量与基本限值量的关系和实用量与现有防护监测仪表的特性的适应性问题。文中指出:目前对四个量的应用研究已积累了相当多的数据;由这些数据资料可以看出,新量在大多数情况下不会低估或过高地高估限值量;多数现有防护监测仪表基本上能满足测量新量的要求;但是还存在一些具体问题,如个人监测量[贯穿性个人剂量当量H_P(10)和浅表个人剂量当量H_S(0.07)]的刻度问题需要解决,新量体系的推广应用还有待时日。

Four operational quantities for external radiation recomme- nded ay the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements(ICRU) in ICRU Report 39 make an important advance in routine radiationprotection work. The general situation when these ICRU newly recommendedquntities are employed in radiation protection dosimetry, particularly therelationships. between these new quantities and ICRP limiting quantities,and the suitability of existing intrusments are discussed. A large amountof data on the new quantities have been accumulated, from which it can beseen that, in most conditions, the new quantities would neither underestimatenor inadequately overestimate the limiting quantities, and the majority ofexisting devices are situable for the measnrement of these new ICRU operat-ional quantities. Nevertheless, problems involvd in their implementation, e.g. chioce of calibration procedures for H_p(10) and H_s(0.07), should besolved before the new quantities could eventually be used.