若尔盖湿地土壤水容量研究

The Research of Soil Water Capacity of Zoige Wetland

通过野外样方调查和室内统计，分析研究了若尔盖湿地表层土壤水容量特征及其影响因素。结果表明，土壤水容量各特征值变化均较大，其中土壤自然含水量在4％-158％内变动，田间持水量在6％-194％之间，毛管持水量则是15％-235％，最大持水量在26％-378％内升降。各土壤类型水容量的大小依次为风沙土〈亚高山草甸土〈草甸土〈泥炭土〈沼泽土。植被和景观位置对土壤水容量影响显著。

Zoige Plateau Marsh wetland is the biggest moss land area in the world. This paperstudied on the characteristics of soil water content, field capacity, capillary moisture capacity and maximum moisture capacity by field survey, remote sensing images and single factor variance analysis and bivariate correlation analysis on the software platform of SPSS12.0 in the region. The results showed that the value of soil water capacity varied among a wide range. Soil water content was from 4% to 158% , field capacity ranged from 6% to 194%. Capillary moisture capacityranged between 16% and 235%, and maximum moisture capacity from 26% to 379%. The soil water capacities of five soil types showed significant differences, especially for maximum moisture capacity. The order of water capacities of different soil types was swamp soil 〉 peat soil 〉 meadow soil 〉 subalpine meadow soil 〉 aeolian sandy soil. Water capacities of soil under different plant communities were remarkably or extremely remarkable different from each other. The soil water capacity of Blysmus sinocompressus ＋ Potentilla anserin ＋ Caltha scaposa community was highest, while the soil water capacity of Leymus secalinu ＋ Potentilla bifurca var. bifurcs ＋ Ajuga lupulina community was lowest. Vegetation was extremely closely correlated with soil water content, field capacity, capillary moisture capacity and maximum moisture capacity. Landscape position was a significant influencing factor.