基于RS与GIS的黑青乔沼泽湿地景观格局分析

Study on the Landscape in Heiqingqiao Marsh Based on RS and GIS

在ERDAS8．7和ArcGIS9．0支持下，对若尔盖黑青乔沼泽1977年Landsat-2MSS、1994年Landsat-5 TM和2001年Landsat-7 ETM遥感数据进行解译，选取斑块形状、多样性、优势度、均匀度、破碎度和分维数等景观指数分析了该区景观格局。结果表明，24a间研究区湖泊总面积缩小82．43km^2，草地扩大70．87km^2，半沼泽扩大52．97km^2，沼泽缩小43．00km^2；景观斑块数增加83块，平均斑块面积减少1．8375km^2；湖泊、沼泽、半沼泽和草地之间的类型演替较为明显；景观斑块形状指数整体上递减；景观优势度指数和破碎度指数增加，景观破碎化程度不断加深；多样性指数降低。

Based on the technology of RS and GIS, the paper studied quantitatively the dynamic changes of landscape pattern during the last 24 years. With AreGIS 9.0 and ERDAS 8.7, the data of Landsat - 2 MSS （ 1977）, Landsat-5 TM （1994） and Landsat-7 ETM（2001 ） of Heiqingqiao marsh was translated. The indexes of Patch shape, Diversity, Dominance, Evenness, Fragmentation and Fraetal Dimension, have been chosen to analyze the landscape Pattern Changes. The results suggested, the lake had reduced 82.43 km^2, grassland had augmented 70.87 km^2, semi-marsh had augmented 52.97 km^2, and marshes had deduced 43.00 km^2. There had been 83 landscape patches increased, and the average area of patch had reduced 1. 8375 km^2. The succession among the lake, marsh, semi-mash and grassland is obvious. The landscape shape index showed a decreasing trend. The index of landscape dominance and fragmentation had increased, and the diversity index and evenness index had gone down.