高寒草甸植物群落物种多样性研究概况

Perspective on Species Diversity of Plant Communities in Alpine Meadow

人类活动、小型哺乳动物行为活动以及自然因素是引起高寒草甸植物群落物种多样性变化的主要因子。一般情况下，高寒草甸植物群落物种多样性与放牧、施肥强度呈单峰曲线。长期过牧使高寒草甸退化严重，而围栏封育能使这种情况受到一定程度的控制，但围栏封育有时不符合“放牧优化假说”。工程活动，小型哺乳动物的活动、冻土退化使高寒草甸植物群落发生演替，物种多样性也随之变化。此外，地形引起水、热、养分的再分配，使不同的生境有着不同的物种多样性。概述各干扰因子及不同干扰频率的不同作用。为保护高寒草甸植物群落物种多样性及制定合理的草地利用制度提供科学依据。

Activities of human being, small mammal and nature factors are main causes driving the change of species diversity of plant communities in alpine meadow. Normally, the relationship between species diversity and grazying, fertilization is of ＂humped-curve＂. Alpine meadow degrades seriously with long-term over-grazyingand enclosure can solve this problem in some extent. While enclosure doesn＇t stand for ＂ the Grazying Optimization Hypothesis＂ occasionally. Plant communities evolve with the activities of engineering and small mammal, following by the change of species diversity. AdditionaUy, topography redistributes water, temperature and nutrient, which makes different environment, hasdifferent species diversity. This paper is aim to supply some scientific bases for the conservation of species diversity of plant communities in alpine meadow and decision of sensible exploitation system.