四川省山区县发展与农村聚落建设

Construction and Development of Mountain Counties Rural Settlements in Sichuan Province

四川省是我国西部典型的山区大省，山区县（县级市）面积占总面积的76．83％。与平原县、丘陵县相比，山区县人口总量少，农业人口比重大，产业结构落后，经济总量小。山区县农村聚落在分布上具有小（规模）、高（海拔）、散（布局）、偏（僻）、闭（塞）、边（远）等空间特征。山区县在人均教育、交通、医疗等基础设施资源拥有量方面高于丘陵县、平原县，但山区县文盲半文盲人口比重大、不通公路（汽车）农村聚落比重大、缺医少药人口比重大，且公路使用效益明显低于丘陵县、平原县。因此，对山区农村聚落重构十分必要，积极发展小城镇，促进山区农牧业经营向产业化、规模化方向发展；对生态条件恶劣区、山地灾害高发区、地方病发生区农村聚落实施搬迁；在总体发展空间上，逐步实现农村聚落的聚居或集中。

Sichuan,with an area of mountain counties about 76.83 percent, is one of the representative mountain provinces in western China. By Contrasts with hill counties and plain counties, the mountain had a smaller total population, while a more proportion of rural population, and the industries structure was lagged, and the total GDP was less. Rural settlements, as the basic economic units and the social organizations of the mountain counties, showed the characteristics of small scale, high altitude, scattered, devious, closed and remote. The infrastructure of education, traffic and medical treatments per capita in mountain counties were better, but the proportion of illiterate and semiliterate, of rural settlements that were no open in traffic, of population in hortage of doctors and medicine was more than those of hill counties and plain counties. So reconstructing the rural settlements in of great importance for the development of the mountain regions, the content includes developing the small townships to industrialize the agriculture and the animal husbandry, then emigrating the residents in rural area of bad ecological environment, of natural hazards districts like debris flow and landslide, of endemic districts, and centralizing the scattered rural settlements gradually.