铁路与社会习俗的变迁——以1909—1937年间的平绥铁路为中心

Railroad and Changes of Social Customs Centering around Beiping-Suiyuan Railroad between 1909 and 1937

作为西北地区出现的第一条铁路干线,平绥铁路的开通极大地改善了西北地区的交通格局,使西北地区与内地之间物资和信息交流的速度和范围得到极大提升和拓展;在交通便利条件下,出于对较好生存和发展环境的追求,广大辐射地区的人口流动日益频繁,人们的活动范围急剧扩展,内地及外国的商品在铁路沿线各地流通速度加快和流通数量急剧增加。同时,铁路开通后沿线各地经济的繁荣,也为人们改变原有生活方式提供了物质基础。京津等大城市的文明新风诸如服饰文化和新的生活方式也随着人口的流动、商品的流通源源不断地迅速传入沿线各地,与当地传统社会习俗在相互碰撞和冲突中逐渐吸收各自的优点而相互融合成新的文明模式。铁路对社会文明的传播与人们社会需求的多样化共同推动人们的服饰、饮食、居住、出行以及婚姻礼俗诸方面都发生了显著变化。

As the first railroad in Northwest China,Beiping-Suiyuan Railroad greatly improved the structure of the traffic conditions in Northwest China,speeding up exchange of information and enlarging the scope of merchandise between northwest China and the inland areas.With the convenience of traffic conditions,for the purpose of better living and development,the movement of the people along the railroad got more frequent,and the scope of people's movement was enlarged,domestic and imported goods along the railroad in quality and quantity were improved as well.Meanwhile,the economic boom along the railroad also provided the basis for better life.The civilization in such big cities as Beijing and Tianjin in clothing and new life style also poured in with the circulation of people and goods,and thus emerged a new life style in its collision and assimilation with the local culture respectively.The opening of the railroad,together with the spread of civilization various needs of the people pushed the changes in clothing,food,lodging,travel and marital customs.