量刑与刑的量化——兼论“电脑量刑”

Sentencing and Quantifying Sentence: On Computerizing Sentence

量刑问题长期以来被学术及司法界所忽略。理论上,我国刑事法没有对量刑问题做细致的规定,而实践中,法院将量刑问题并入定罪的审理程序中一并考量,加上各地法院作法各异,造成量刑不透明和巨大的差异性。有人主张为了统一量刑采用电脑软件程式化量刑诸因素。本文提出量刑并非刑的量化,不应该仅仅以如何具体化刑期为中心。量刑实际反映社会对犯罪人最终评价的动态过程,理应考虑更多因素,将量刑从定罪程序中独立出来。

Sentencing has long been neglected by both legal scholars and the judiciary. Neither the Criminal substantive nor procedure law elaborates on this issue. In practice, the courts combine sentencing and guilty-finding into one process. Sentencing has in fact demonstrated huge discrepancies from place to place due to variances in practices of different localities and non-transparency of the process. Some propose to unify the sentencing practice by utilizing computer programs. However, this paper points out that the sentencing is not a mere process of computing the final sentence, but rather a dynamic process of balancing all factors related to the criminal offense and offender and making a final deci- sion of the penalty. Therefore, the sentencing process should be separated from the guilty-finding one.