试析波罗的海三国防务战略的演变

Evolution of Defense Strategies in Three Baltic States

自1990年代初宣布独立至今,为了顺利回归西方阵营、防御俄罗斯的军事威胁和加入北约,在安全与防务问题上,波罗的海三国制定了不同的国防政策和防务战略。从最初的中立政策转到谋求加入北约,再到正式成为北约一员,三国的国防政策经历了重大转变。在此过程中,三国的国防战略也经历了组建国防力量、实施领土防御战略,再到执行北约集体防御战略的变化。与此相适应的是,其军事力量也经历了转型过程:从零开始建立军队到建立防范威胁的军事力量,同时向北约标准看齐,再到组建以能力为导向的军事力量,力求与北约协同作战。但在这期间,三国遇到了诸多困难和挑战,直接影响了军事转型的成效。

In order to return to the West,to confront the military threats from Russia and to join NATO,the three Baltic States(Estonia,Latvia and Lithuania)have set up different defense policies and strategies since their independence form the Soviet Union in 1990s.From neutrality to applying for NATO Memberships and becoming the members of NATO,the defense policies of the three witnessed great changes.During the process,they established defense forces,implemented territorial defense strategy,and carried out collective defense strategy within NATO's framework.Accordingly,their military transformation also took place-from “scratch” armed forces to threat-based forces.But they have many difficulties that could affect the effect of the military transformation.