“欧洲”与“文明”:基佐欧洲文明进步史观初探

“Europe” and “Civilization”:Guizot's Idea of Progress of European Civilization

欧洲文明进步史观是基佐史学思想中最为绚丽的部分。这一思想的形成既有其自身的天才因素在内,但更主要取决于他所处的社会现实和自身学术成长历程。“欧洲”观念、“文明”观念的广泛认同,民族主义思潮兴起的社会现实是基佐欧洲文明史观生成的基础和动力;吉本、孟德斯鸠、伏尔泰、康德、赫尔德、圣西门等人的史学思想则为基佐文明史观的形成提供了理论滋养。基佐将欧洲文明发展进程中的动态性、持续性、和谐性等进步特色,以文明事实的方式陈列了出来,充分展示了欧洲社会文明史的进步过程、趋势和方向。他对欧洲文明的分析充满了哲学的蕴意,既显示了他的史家功力和现实关怀,又使得他的文明史魅力长盛不衰。

The most flowery part of the thought of Guizot is his idea of the progress of European civilization.The identity of the idea of “Europe” and “civilization” and the emergence of the nationalist thought in French realistic society provide the foundation and momentum for the making of his historical idea.And the ideologists,such as Gibbin,Montesquieu,Voltaire,Kant,Herder,St.Simon and etc.,offered academic nourishment to his idea.At first,Guizot's analysis was concerned with the multi-planes' meaning of “civilization”,but later on,he turned to the progressive character in the course of civilization development,such as:dynamics,endurance,harmony and etc..By providing facts in civilization,Guizot fully demonstrates the progressive process,the tendency,the direction of the history of civilization in European society.