银杏叶生产饲料复合酶的固态发酵条件及产物分析

Conditions of Solid Fermentation of Ginkgo biloba L.Leaves to Produce Forage Multienzyme and Analysis of the Product

研究了以银杏叶为原料,黑曲霉为菌种生产饲料复合酶的固态发酵条件,分析了发酵产物中主要营养成分和活性成分的变化。结果表明,适宜的工艺参数为:浅盘发酵的料层厚度4cm,初始含水率为64.3%,培养基初始pH值5.0,接种量2.5%,培养温度28～30℃。银杏叶通过生物转化后营养丰富,生物活性增强。其中,粗蛋白、总氨基酸、必需氨基酸分别提高106.09%、69.26%和79.17%;总黄酮提取率提高5.77%;纤维素酶和半纤维素酶的活力分别达到11.83和122.17U/g。同时,产品中还富含高活力的风味酶(β-葡萄糖苷酶),其活力为36.11U/g,该酶使产品的生物活性及香味得到了明显的改善。

The culture condition of solid fermentation of Ginkgo biloba L. leaves to produce forage muhienzyme and the changes of main nutritional ingredients and functional ingredients of the fermented products were studied. The optimum culture conditions were ： substrate thickness 4 cm in shallow tray fermentors; initial moisture content 64.3 % ; inoculum dosage 2.5 % ; initial pH value 5.0 ; incubation temperature 28-30 ℃. The analysis of the fermented products showed that contents of crude protein, total amino acids, necessary amino acids were increased 106.09 %, 69.26 % and 79.17 %, respectively; the extraction rate of flavonoids was improved by 5.77 %; cellulase and hemicellulase activities were 11.83 U/g and 122.17 U/g, respectively. Furthermore, the final product contained highly active β-glucosidase, with activity of 36.11 U/g, which distinctly improved the function and fragrance of the product.